This article examines whether the ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangements have increased the level of interdependence among ASEAN countries in the area of trade. Specifically, whether such interdependence has brought about institutional and economic changes such as tariff reduction and nontariff barriers among ASEAN countries.
The Philippine Journal of Development (PJD) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal published biannually by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS). It serves as a platform for disseminating policy-oriented research on development issues, including the economy, business, public administration, foreign relations, sociology, and political dynamics.
P-ISSN 2508-0954 • E-ISSN 2508-0849 • https://doi.org/10.62986/pjd